![]() ![]() For example, we are severely hampered 1, 2 when we see upside-down faces. Many studies have shown that faces are processed rather differently from other object categories. Faces convey various kinds of information that are critical for our social lives. The face is quite an important stimulus for humans. This conclusion was supported by a simple simulation experiment using the saliency model. Efficient face detection was hampered by an inverted presentation, suggesting that configural processing of faces is a critical element of efficient face detection in both species. Chimpanzees also detected a photograph of a banana as efficiently as a face, but a further examination clearly indicated that the banana was detected mainly due to a low-level feature (i.e., color). Additional testing showed that a front-view face was more readily detected than a profile, suggesting the important role of eye-to-eye contact. They also found human adult and baby faces-but not monkey faces-efficiently. This efficient search was not limited to own-species faces. We report that chimpanzees detected chimpanzee faces among non-facial objects quite efficiently. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that humans detect human faces among non-facial objects rapidly. ![]() Both species exhibit the face-inversion effect in which the inverted presentation of a face deteriorates their perception and recognition. Recent advances in comparative-cognitive research clearly indicate that chimpanzees and humans process faces in a special manner that is, using holistic or configural processing. The face is quite an important stimulus category for human and nonhuman primates in their social lives. ![]()
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